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Gases are free to completely fill any closed container. (or escape if it is not closed.)

Gases are easily compressed. Gases can be chilled to a liquid form.

Liquids will only fill their container till the capacity needed is filled. Liquids are difficult to compress. Liquids can be chilled to a solid form. (Helium excepted).

Solids are of a fixed shape at any moment (though we may bend them etc), and are very difficult to compress.

And of course, the inverse applies, a solid may be warmed to make a liquid, and further warming of a liquid will make it into a gas.

[There are some other states of matter, which we ignore here.]

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