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- Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of of temperature change, when thermal energy is added to the particles is another property that particles in different materials have. Different materials will increase or decrease their average energy depending on how much thermal energy is provided. - Heat Capacity is the amount of thermal energy that warms or cools an object by 1oC (it depends on the mass and the type of particle the object is made of).
Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of thermal energy that warms or cools 1 gram, of a specific type of particle, by 1oC.
Changes of State
Some substances like water (or wax) can undergo observable changes through all three states of matter - solid liquid and gas. - Some substances, like hydrogen, require high pressures and low temperatures (-253oC) to make the particles slow down enough for them to change their state from a gas to a liquid.
Any pure substance can exist in all three states of matter. - Melting and Boiling Points
When heat is transferred in a space the average energy of the particles - the temperature of the substance - is affected, by increasing or decreasing. A substance will change it's state when it reaches certain temperatures - called boiling and melting points. Table 3 (p. 221) At everyday temperatures on Earth, most substances are either gases or solids.
What Happens When A Liquid Evaporates?
In a liquid, the particles are moving very quickly. At the surface, some of the particles are able to escape into the air, while others do not have enough energy to escape and remain in the liquid. As high energy particles escape, the average energy of the remaining particles is less and so the liquid cools. The cool liquid then cools the surface on which it is resting. This is called evaporative cooling. It is common and useful in many situations: - Joggers cooling down as their sweaty clothes dry out
- Water cools down a roof on hot summer day
- A wet cloth is placed on your forehead when you have a fever
Why The Temperature Stays The Same
During a phase change, the average energy of the particles remains the same, but, the particles are rearranging themselves. Particles become less organized as their energy increases, so the substance changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas. As the energy of the particles becomes less, the particles rearrange themselves more orderly, so a gas changes to a liquid and then to a solid. The total energy of the particles changes - by increasing or decreasing, because the particles are not increasing or decreasing their speed, just their arrangement. The average energy doesn't change. The energy change is hidden from a thermometer and is called 'hidden heat' or 'latent heat'.
What else can I help you with?
What type of energy is primarily associated with the random motion and arrangement of the particles in a substance?
Thermal energy is primarily associated with the random motion and arrangement of particles in a substance. It is a form of kinetic energy that results from the movement of particles at the microscopic level.
What changes of state require energy?
Sublimation, melting, and vaporization are three changes of state which require energy.
Particles of a solid have more energy than those of gas?
That statement is incorrect. Solids have particles with lower energy compared to gases. In a solid, particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement, leading to lower energy levels, while in a gas, particles have high energy levels and are free to move around with no fixed arrangement.
What is the relationship between the movement of charged particles and the change in their electric potential or kinetic energy?
The movement of charged particles can lead to changes in their electric potential or kinetic energy. When charged particles move in an electric field, they can experience changes in their electric potential energy. Additionally, the movement of charged particles can also result in changes in their kinetic energy, which is the energy associated with their motion.
Where does the potential energy of the particles in an object come from?
The potential energy of particles in an object comes from the arrangement or configuration of these particles within the object. This energy is related to the forces of attraction and repulsion between particles, as well as the interactions between particles and their surroundings. As particles move within the object, their potential energy can change based on their position and the forces acting on them.
When a solid changes to a liquid what happens to the arrangement of particles?
When a solid changes to a liquid, the particles gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces holding them in a fixed position. This causes the particles to break free from their fixed arrangement and move more freely, resulting in a less organized and more fluid arrangement.
The addition or loss of thermal energy changes the arrangement of the particles during what?
a change of state
How do changes affect particles?
Changes can affect particles by altering their behavior, arrangement, or properties. For example, changes in temperature can cause particles to move faster or slower, while changes in pressure can affect the density and arrangement of particles. Additionally, changes in chemical composition can lead to the formation of new particles or the dissolution of existing ones.
What property changes from gas to liquid?
The physical property that changes from gas to liquid is the arrangement of particles. In a gas, particles are far apart and have high kinetic energy, moving freely. In a liquid, particles are closer together and have lower kinetic energy, allowing them to flow and take the shape of the container.
What type of energy is primarily associated with the random motion and arrangement of the particles in a substance?
Thermal energy is primarily associated with the random motion and arrangement of particles in a substance. It is a form of kinetic energy that results from the movement of particles at the microscopic level.
What changes of state require energy?
Sublimation, melting, and vaporization are three changes of state which require energy.
What are the six main points of particle theory?
All matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are in constant motion. There are spaces between particles. Particles attract each other. Particles have different energy levels. Changes in state occur due to the arrangement and movement of particles.
Describe how the motion and arrangements of particles change as a substance freezes?
As a substance freezes, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a more ordered and structured arrangement. This transition from liquid to solid is accompanied by a release of heat energy as the particles lose kinetic energy and settle into a fixed position.
Which form of energy depends on both the motion and the arrangement of particles that make up matter?
Mechanical energy depend on motion and height. For example- a flying bird.
Particles of a solid have more energy than those of gas?
That statement is incorrect. Solids have particles with lower energy compared to gases. In a solid, particles are closely packed in a fixed arrangement, leading to lower energy levels, while in a gas, particles have high energy levels and are free to move around with no fixed arrangement.
What is potentian energy?
Potential energy is the energy of a system or of a body with respect to the arrangement of the particles of the system or position of the body.
What changes during melting?
During melting, a solid substance changes into its liquid state, with an increase in thermal energy causing the particles to overcome the forces holding them in a fixed position within the solid lattice structure. This results in a break in the orderly arrangement of particles, leading to a more disordered arrangement in the liquid state.
