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Two main weather conditions exist to create a tornado: instability in the atmosphere and wind shear in the lower atmosphere.

In the case of a tornado, instability refers to the presence of warm air closer to the Earth's surface and cooler air further above the surface. Wind shear refers to instances when the wind direction changes, and wind speed increases, with height. These conditions usually exist only ahead of a cold front and low pressure system, and are especially found in thunderstorms. The spinning motion of tornadoes is often caused by the interaction between the updrafts and downdrafts in the thunderstorm and the wind shear. The conflicting drafts cause the wind shear to tilt, and an upright tornado vortex is formed.

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