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Here are the most obvious ones:

  1. Mass - both are approximately 1800 times the mass of an electron.
  2. Location in an atom - both are located in the nucleus, whereas the electron occupies orbital states around the nucleus.
  3. Coupling to the strong nuclear force - protons and neutrons "feel" the strong nuclear force, but electrons do not.
  4. Composite nature - protons and neutrons are composed of quarks bound together by the strong force. Electrons are believed to be fundamental particles with no internal structure.
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13y ago

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