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Short circuiting in the context of work, means diverting the energy that is intended to do work on a "load" in a manner that the energy that is expended does not do the work as intended. In electricity that usually means that the power of the electricity goes to the return line without reaching the load. Example: a piece of metal falls across the battery + terminal connecting it to the - terminal. The battery is discharged through the piece of metal and the energy is not used to turn the starting motor. In the context of a stream following a path around a hydroelectric dam, the water energy is not captured by the dam to convert into electricity.

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