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In a refrigerator, electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by a motor. The motor drives a compressor, and this compresses and heats the refrigerant. Mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy in this process.

The hot refrigerant is cooled in the cooling coils behind or beneath the appliance, and the cooler gas is "sprayed" through an expansion valve connected to the cooling coils inside the unit. The releasing of the pressure of the refrigerant allows expansion, and with expansion comes cooling.

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