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As light travels, its wavelength can lengthen or shorten causing it to appear more red the further it travels or more blue if it has traveled a shorter distance. This effect, combined with various chemical spectral identifiers, can be used to determine the distance the light has traveled, giving a rough estimate to the location of its source.

changes in wavelength is called redshift(when wavelength is increased) and blueshift(when decreased). redshifts and blueshifts are attributable to the Doppler effect

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