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When an electron gains energy it is considered to be in an excited state. At that point the electron jumps out to a level that is further from the nucleus of the atom. the further out the electron the more higher energy the electron has. Once it jumps out a level it then LOSES the extra energy and falls back to its original level, and in doing so emits a photon of light. Depending on the frequency of this light the atom emits a certain color matching that frequency.

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