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Refraction occurs when a wave bends as it crosses the boundary between different mediums (eg. air to glass). The wave bends because waves travel at different speeds in different mediums.

When a wave enters a more dense medium (eg. air to glass), the wave slows down, and bends towards the 'normal'.

When a wave enters a less dense medium (eg. glass to air), the wave speeds up, and bends away from the 'normal'.

* The normal is an imaginary line which is perpendicular to where the light is entering the new medium.

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