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When we apply external magnetic field, the orbital levels of electrons are rearranged themselves. Final vector sum of the orbital moment along the direction of magnetic field gives van vleck contribution.

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Differences between diamagnetism and paramagnetism?

Diamagnetism is the property of a material to be weakly repelled by a magnetic field due to the induced magnetic moment opposing the field. Paramagnetism, on the other hand, is the property of attraction towards a magnetic field due to unpaired electrons aligning with the field. Diamagnetism is a universal property of all materials, while paramagnetism occurs in materials with unpaired electrons.


What are the three methods of magnetization?

The three methods of magnetization are: ferromagnetism, paramagnetism, and diamagnetism. Ferromagnetism occurs in materials like iron and nickel, where the magnetic moments of atoms align spontaneously. Paramagnetism arises in materials with unpaired electrons that are attracted to an external magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a weaker form of magnetism exhibited by all materials, where electron motion generates a weak opposing magnetic field.


Why gold have diamagnetism?

Gold exhibits diamagnetism because it contains no unpaired electrons in its electronic structure. This results in a weak repulsion of magnetic fields, causing the gold to be repelled by a magnetic field. This effect is much weaker than the paramagnetism seen in materials with unpaired electrons.


Does Newtons second law hold true for an observer in a van as it speeds up slows down or rounds a corner?

Yes, Newton's second law holds true for an observer in a van regardless of its motion. The observer will notice changes in acceleration, which will impact the forces acting on objects inside the van. The second law F=ma still applies to relate these forces to the van's motion.


why does your van squeak?

It's likely due to wear on the suspension components or the brakes. It's best to have a mechanic inspect the van to determine the exact cause of the squeaking noise.