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1 gigapascal is 1,000,000,000 Pa (pascals)
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What is the modulus of elasticity of alumunium?
68.9 Gigapascals (GPa) , or 10,000,000 psi
What is the hardest substance on the earth?
Aggregated Diamond NanorodsADNRs, are an allotrope of carbon believed to be the hardest and least compressible known material, as measured by its isothermal bulk modulus; aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442 GPa. ADNRs are also 0.3% denser than regular diamond.The ADNR material is also harder than type IIa diamonds and ultrahard fullerite.A process to produce the substance was discovered by physicists in Germany, led by Natalia Dubrovinskaia, at the University of Bayreuth in 2005.ADNRs are made by compressing allotropic carbon fullerene molecules (generally 60 carbon atoms per molecule) to a pressure of 20 GPa, while at the same time heating to 2500 Kelvin, using a unique 5000 metric tonne multi anvil press. The resulting substance is a series of interconnected diamond nanorods, with diameters of between 5 and 20 nanometres and lengths of around 1 micrometre each.They have used diamonds to cut steel.Its diamond
What is the modulus of elasticity of alumunium?
68.9 Gigapascals (GPa) , or 10,000,000 psi
What is the colour of solid Xenon?
Under high pressure - around 150 gigaPascals - xenon turns metallic. In this phase it has a blue colour.
What is the Youngs Modulus of the Polycarbonate used in concave Riot shields?
Most riot shields list the material of construction as Lexan, the trade name for the polycarbonate polymer. The young's modulus of polycarbonate is 2.0-2.4 GPa (gigapascals).
How much pressure does the inner core have?
Yes, because it is in the center of the Earth.
What is black hydrogen?
Black hydrogen is condensed-phase molecular hydrogen that has become opaque to visible light due to changes in its electronic structure. Complete opacity to visible light sets in only at very high pressures (hundreds of gigapascals) and is often achieved using diamond anvil cells.
How come the earths core is solid when it is between 3000 and 4000 degrees celsius?
The earth's inner core is primarily made up of iron. The inner core is under great pressure: around 350 gigapascals or 3.5 million atmospheres. At such pressures, the melting point of iron is much higher than the normal 1811 K. In fact, the melting point of iron, at the boundary between the inner and outer core is around 6,200 K, well above the 5,700 K to be found there.
What is shear modulus depends on?
Shear modulus, which is also often referred to as the modulus of rigidity or torsion modulus, is a measure of the rigid or stiff nature of different types of solid materials. It is derived from the material's ratio of its shear stress value to that of shear strain. Shear stress is a value of how much force is applied to a square area of a material, usually measured in pressure values of pascals. Strain is the amount that the material has deformed under stress divided by its original length. The shear modulus value is always a positive number and is expressed as an amount of force per unit area, which is generally recorded as metric gigapascals (GPa) because the values are more practical than English equivalents.
Is xenon a metalloid?
Xenon is a chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. Its atomic number is 54. A colorless, heavy, odorless noble gas, xenon occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts.Using gigapascals of pressure, xenon has been forced into a metallic phase.Metalloid is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, nearly every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal. However, a few elements with intermediate properties are referred to as metalloids.The following elements are generally considered metalloids: * Boron (B) * Silicon (Si) * Germanium (Ge) * Arsenic (As) * Antimony (Sb) * Tellurium (Te) * Polonium (Po) Source: Wikipedia
What is the young's modulus for AISI 4340?
The Young Modulus of Spheroidal Cast Iron is aproximately 170000 N/mm2 [MPa] - 24500000 psi. Of course it depends on the grade of the cast iron. It can vary a lot if oyu will consider also the family of malleable cast iron where the range of values is from 60000 to 170000 N/mm2 - from 10000000 to 24500000 psi.
Can diamonds form inside a rock?
Short answer: No. Longer answer: Diamond is made of carbon. Carbon that has been subject to extremely high pressure and heat for a long time becomes diamond. The longer the carbon is exposed to such conditions, the larger the diamond that will be formed. Over millions of years, carbon deposits slowly crystallize into diamond. A natural place where the extreme conditions needed to form diamonds exist is deep inside the Earth. At some 90 miles or 150 kilometers under the continental crust, the pressure is known to be around 5 gigapascals and the temperature around 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit or 1,200 degrees Celsius. Natural diamonds are brought to the surface of the Earth by way of volcanic pipes. Where diamonds have been formed, diamonds are included in these eruptions, as well as 'indicator minerals' such as kimberlite. Often diamonds are 'attached' to volcanic matter, from which the diamond stones are separated.
What material is the strongest in compression?
You get difrent types of steel the two main gatgoreis is W300 and W350 which can resists 300MPa and 350Mpa respectively but a factor that influence compresive strenght is buckling and is in most cases the limiting compresive strenght. Units for MPa=N/mm2 *The design of a compression member should be done according to your Country's design code Compressive strength is the ability for a tool steel to resist permanent deformation when a load is applied axially. When a load is applied in compression on a tool steel, the tool will compress in the longitudnal direction and expand outward. When the load is removed the tool will return to its original shape and size. If the tool doesn't return to its original dimensions, then the load has exceeded the tool's compressive strength
What is the hardest substance on the earth?
Aggregated Diamond NanorodsADNRs, are an allotrope of carbon believed to be the hardest and least compressible known material, as measured by its isothermal bulk modulus; aggregated diamond nanorods have a modulus of 491 gigapascals (GPa), while a conventional diamond has a modulus of 442 GPa. ADNRs are also 0.3% denser than regular diamond.The ADNR material is also harder than type IIa diamonds and ultrahard fullerite.A process to produce the substance was discovered by physicists in Germany, led by Natalia Dubrovinskaia, at the University of Bayreuth in 2005.ADNRs are made by compressing allotropic carbon fullerene molecules (generally 60 carbon atoms per molecule) to a pressure of 20 GPa, while at the same time heating to 2500 Kelvin, using a unique 5000 metric tonne multi anvil press. The resulting substance is a series of interconnected diamond nanorods, with diameters of between 5 and 20 nanometres and lengths of around 1 micrometre each.They have used diamonds to cut steel.Its diamond
