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Conduction refers to heat transfer through solids. It is due to conduction that if we heat one side of a rod and place our hand on the other side, we feel the heat.

What, basically, happens is that at the point that you have heated the rod, the particles gain more energy. As the particles in a solid are fixed in their position - and can only vibrate - due to the increase in eneery, the particles vibrate faster about their equilibrium positions. When they vibrate faster, they cause the particles around them to also vibrate faster, increasing their temperature. When these particles also start vibrating faster, the cycle is repeated and they cause the particles around them to also vibrate faster, increasing their temperature as well. In this way, the disturbance is spread all over the rod, which is why you feel the heat on the other side of the rod, even though that side is not in direct contact with the heat.

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