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What we call sound are in fact just pressurewaves propagating through the air. Our ears and brain detect and convert these pressure waves to electric signals which we interprete as being sound. The frequency of these waves determines the altitude of the tone, while the amplitude defines the volume of the sound.

When waves (eg pressure waves) pass through openings that have about the same magnitude (or less) than the wavelength of the incident wave, diffraction will occur. Once passed through the opening, diffraction will "generate" a phase difference between waves starting from the top and bottom of the opening. This phase difference leads to interference. Phenomena like diffraction and interference of waves will alter the caracteristics of the incident wave. For example, some frequencies can be cancelled out while others may become bigger. This is what happens in constructive and destructive interference. Different frequencies lead to different sounds because of the connection between frequency and sound.

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