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Actually, there are many depending on the particular application requirements (i.e. circuit board, laid piping, etc.) and actual temperature tolerances, the material can be:

* Concrete
* Certain types of plastics
* Ceramics
* Polyurethane foam (often in combination with other materials)
* Natural rock or mineral
* Glass wool & fiberglass
* Calcium silicate
* Water

One of the materials used to shield against some of the highest temperatures are the 24,000 six- by six-inch blocks on the Space Shuttle hull that are used for atmospheric re-entry. The tiles are made out of silica fibers, which are produced from high-grade sand!

It turns out that silica is an excellent insulator because it transports heat very slowly. When the outer portion of a tile gets hot, the heat takes a long time to work its way down through the rest of the tile to the shuttle's more fragile skin. The tiles keep the orbiter's aluminum skin at 350 degrees or less.

In integrated circuits, lead, copper, gold, silver or other materials may be used to help distribute the heat or radiate it away from the integrated circuit to prevent overheating.

Asbestos also works but is largely no longer used due to health risks (mesothelioma).

New "nanocrystals technology" also known as "quantum dots," are used for better transmission of electrical energy versus heat transference.

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Heat insulators are materials that reduce the transfer of heat energy, while sound insulators are materials that reduce the transmission of sound energy. Heat insulators typically have high thermal resistance to prevent heat from flowing through them, whereas sound insulators absorb or reflect sound waves to reduce noise transmission. Heat insulators are important for maintaining temperature control, while sound insulators are used to reduce noise pollution.


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Wood is a poor conductor of heat, which means it does not allow heat to easily pass through it. This property helps to reduce heat loss when wood is used as an insulating material in buildings. Additionally, the natural air pockets in wood further help to trap heat and improve its insulating properties.


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Related Questions

What are the differences of heat and sound insulator?

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