Shock and vibration in hydraulic oil transfer hoses.
Path lines in transitional flow are not well-defined as the flow constantly fluctuates between laminar and turbulent states. This results in path lines that may change unpredictably over time, making it challenging to track individual fluid particles. Transitional flow is characterized by a mix of laminar and turbulent characteristics, leading to complex and irregular path line behavior.
Path lines in laminar flow are smooth, steady, and well-defined, with fluid particles following a predictable trajectory as they move through the flow field. The path lines do not intersect or cross each other in laminar flow, and the flow remains orderly and organized.
An irregular fluid flow refers to a fluid motion that is not consistent or smooth, characterized by fluctuations and turbulence in the flow pattern. It can be caused by factors such as obstacles in the fluid's path, changes in the flow velocity, or variations in fluid properties. Irregular fluid flow can affect the efficiency and performance of systems where fluids are involved, such as pipelines or aircraft wings.
Birds do not get electrocuted when sitting on power lines because they are not completing a circuit for electricity to flow through. The electricity in power lines travels in a closed loop, and birds are not grounded so there is no path for the electricity to flow through them. Additionally, most power lines are insulated to prevent electricity from leaking out.
Birds perching on power lines do not get electrocuted because they are not completing a circuit by touching another conductor. The power lines are insulated and the birds' legs are not close enough together to create a path for electricity to flow through their bodies.
Path lines in transitional flow are not well-defined as the flow constantly fluctuates between laminar and turbulent states. This results in path lines that may change unpredictably over time, making it challenging to track individual fluid particles. Transitional flow is characterized by a mix of laminar and turbulent characteristics, leading to complex and irregular path line behavior.
Path lines in laminar flow are smooth, steady, and well-defined, with fluid particles following a predictable trajectory as they move through the flow field. The path lines do not intersect or cross each other in laminar flow, and the flow remains orderly and organized.
An irregular fluid flow refers to a fluid motion that is not consistent or smooth, characterized by fluctuations and turbulence in the flow pattern. It can be caused by factors such as obstacles in the fluid's path, changes in the flow velocity, or variations in fluid properties. Irregular fluid flow can affect the efficiency and performance of systems where fluids are involved, such as pipelines or aircraft wings.
Streamline flow:The flow of a fluid is said to be streamline (also known as steady flow or laminar flow), if every particle of the fluid follows exactly the path of its preceding particle and has the same velocity as that of its preceding particle when crossing a fixed point of reference.Turbulent flow:The flow of a fluid is said to be turbulent or disorderly, if its velocity is greater than its critical velocity. Critical velocity of a fluid is that velocity up to which the fluid flow is streamlined and above which its flow becomes turbulent. When the velocity of a fluid exceeds the critical velocity, the paths and velocities of the fluid particles begin to change continuously and haphazardly. The flow loses all its orderliness and is called turbulent flow.
A turbulent gravity-driven flow is a type of natural process in which water and sediment move rapidly downhill due to the force of gravity. This type of flow typically occurs in rivers during heavy rainfall or in underwater environments like turbidity currents. The flow can transport large amounts of sediment, leading to erosion and deposition along its path.
The fluid can take a laminar path, flowing smoothly in parallel layers with minimal disruption between them, often seen in low-velocity conditions. Alternatively, it may follow a turbulent path, characterized by chaotic and irregular flow patterns, typically occurring at higher velocities or in complex geometries. Each path affects the fluid's behavior, including its velocity, pressure, and mixing properties.
Lines of equal velocity are called "streamlines." They represent the path that a fluid element would follow as it moves through a flow field at a constant velocity.
Streamlines represent the instantaneous velocity field at a given moment, while pathlines show the actual path that individual particles follow over time. Streamlines provide information about the flow pattern at a specific instant, while pathlines depict the trajectory of individual particles as they move through a flow field.
The path of least resistance.
Birds do not get electrocuted when sitting on power lines because they are not completing a circuit for electricity to flow through. The electricity in power lines travels in a closed loop, and birds are not grounded so there is no path for the electricity to flow through them. Additionally, most power lines are insulated to prevent electricity from leaking out.
Birds perching on power lines do not get electrocuted because they are not completing a circuit by touching another conductor. The power lines are insulated and the birds' legs are not close enough together to create a path for electricity to flow through their bodies.
The Knudsen, Reynolds, and Mach numbers are dimensionless parameters used in fluid dynamics to characterize flow behavior. The Knudsen number (Kn) indicates the relative importance of molecular mean free path to a characteristic length scale, influencing whether the flow is molecular or continuum. The Reynolds number (Re) assesses the ratio of inertial to viscous forces, indicating flow regime (laminar or turbulent), while the Mach number (Ma) measures the ratio of flow velocity to the speed of sound, determining compressibility effects. Together, these numbers help describe different flow regimes and their interactions in various fluid systems.