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Material transmitting light (that is electromagnetic waves in the visible frequency range) are called transparent.

When light interact with a material, light photons can be

transmitted, that is traverse the material without changing their direction and wavelength,

absorbed, that is transfer their energy to the material in form of heat, electrical current sometimes, or other forms of energy

scattered, that is traverse the material by being absorbed and emitted again, so that they emerge in a different direction from the incoming direction; a particular type of scattering is reflection, where the photon is scattered back by the material surface;

generate luminescence, that is being absorbed with emission of a new photon at a longer wavelength (of a different color) with respect to the absorbed one. This happens because part of the incoming photon energy is dissipated, generally in heat, by the material.

In transparent materials the great majority of incoming photons are transmitted. They differ from translucid material, where the light also exits from the material, but the photons are mainly scattered. In the first case a figure can be seen clearly through the transparent material, in the second case, light is perceived exiting from the material, but a figure on the other side is seen not clearly or it is not seen completely.

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