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A chip called an Analogue to digital converter (ADC) is used to convert sound waves in the form of analogue electrical impulses, into numeric values which can then be processed by the computer.

Conversely, a chip called a digital to analog converter (DAC) does the reverse.

The quality of the sound recorded is goverend by two constants , this is the sample rate and the bit depth.

The sample rate is the number of samples of a sound taken per second. For instance a CD is sampled at 44kHz or 44,000 samples per second.

The bit depth describes the maximum value of a number used to store the amplitude of a sound. The greater this value the greater the change between silence and the maximum sound value stores or greater dynamic resolution. In the case of CD's 16 bit or a value between 0 and 65535.

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