the nail
The proper name for the hammer a doctor uses to test your reflex is just "reflex hammer". It is a medical instrument used by physicians to test deep tendon reflexes and is an important part of a neurological physical examination.
The name given to the gravitational force on an object is simply called "gravity."
The name given to the shape of a sagging rope supported at its ends is a catenary.
The wooden block used for beheading is called a "guillotine." It was a device commonly used for execution by beheading in the past.
The name given to reflected light is "reflection." This is when light waves bounce off a surface and change direction.
the capstone or pyramidion
Stanley Kirk Burrell
The mallet is a gavel and he hits it against a block of wood called a sound block.
It rests on the Philippine plate
Doc Hammer's birth name is Eric Hammer.
Anders Hammer's birth name is Anders Lundsgaard Hammer.
Armie Hammer's birth name is Armand Douglas Hammer.
Dick Hammer's birth name is Richard B. Hammer.
Zane Hammer's birth name is Matthew Zane Hammer.
Will Hammer's birth name is William Hinds.
That's a Beaver.
The sledge hammer