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Fossil fuels are deacyed plant matter from millions of years ago. The source of energy in the fuel is the carbon.

When plants grow they use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and they separate the carbon from the oxygen by photosynthesis, which uses the Sun's energy directly because separating the atoms of carbon and oxygen requires energy. The carbon is used to make plant tissues while the oxygen is mostly emitted as a waste product.

But when the fuel is burned, the carbon is recombined with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, and the formation of the chemical bonds beween the atoms releases energy as heat. This energy is the energy that was originally absorbed from the Sun all those millions of years ago.

So the Sun is the original source of energy for fossil fuels, but the energy was taken 50-100 million years ago and the amount being burned now produces too much CO2 for the Earth to deal with properly.

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