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The relationship between electromagnetic energy (photon energy) and wavelength is determined by two constants - the speed of light and Planck's constant. Photon energy (in Joules) is equal to the speed of light (in metres per second) multiplied by Plancks constant (in Joule-seconds) divided by the wavelength (in metres).

E = hc/wavelength

where:

E is photon energy

h is Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10-34 Js

c is the speed of light = 2.998 x 108 m/s

This relationship shows that short wavelengths (e.g. X-rays) have high photon energies while long wavelengths (e.g. Radio waves) have low photon energies.

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