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Thermal energy is heat. It's what melts substances, changes temperatures, or vaporizes substances. It is measured in calories, joules or british thermal units. 252 calories = 1 b.t.u.,

It takes 144 btus to melt 1 pound of ice at 32 degrees, 180 btus to raise 1 pound of water in temperature from 32F to 212F and 970.2 btus to make 1 pound of steam at 212 degrees.

It takes 80 calories to melt 1 gram of ice at 0 degrees C, 100 calories to raise 1 gram of water in temperature from 0C to 100C and 538.6 calories to make 1 gram of steam at 100 degrees C.

the calorie is equal to 4.1868 joules so that:

It takes 334 joules to melt 1 gram of ice at 0 degrees C, 418.68 J to raise 1 gram of water in temperature from 0C to 100C and 2255.0 J to make 1 gram of steam at 100 degrees C.

Answer

'Thermal energy' is an obsolete term, long replaced by the term, 'internal energy'. Heat is not the same thing as internal energy, but is described as 'energy in transit' between a warmer body and a cooler body. In SI, all forms of energy, including energy in transit, are measured in joules.

The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is an imperial unit used rarely outside the United States. The calorie is an obsolete unit used to measure energy in the cgsA system of measurement (despite this, for some reason, the food industry clings onto this unit, expessing the energy available from food in kilocalories).

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