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It is glucose. In response to the rise in blood-glucose levels (say) after a meal, the pancreas releases insulin which breaks down the glucose and carries it to cells that need extra energy.The glucose enters the cell by special molecules in the membrane called "glucose transporters". The cells that need glucose have specific insulin receptors on their surface so that insulin can bind to them, encouraging glucose entry and utilization in the cells.Once inside your cells, the glucose is burned to produce heat and adenosine triphosyphate, (ATP) a molecule that stores and releases energy as required by the cell.The metabolism of glucose into energy may occur either in combination with oxygen (aerobic metabolism) or without it (anaerobic metabolism). The oxygen used comes from the mitochondria - tiny bodies inside the cell. However, red blood cells do not have mitochondria, so they change glucose into energy without the use of oxygen.Glucose is also converted to energy in muscle cells - who are probably the most important energy "customers". These muscle cells do contain mitochondria so they can process glucose with oxygen. But even if oxygen-levels in the muscle-cell mitochondria fall too low, the cells can proceed to convert glucose into energy without oxygen. Unfortunately, turning glucose into energy without oxygen produces the by-product lactic acid. And too much lactic acid makes your muscles ache.

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Haylie Prohaska

Lvl 10
3y ago

What else can I help you with?