The deadly effects of an atomic, or nuclear weapon include heat, radiation and blast. All three of these effects will propagate over a greater surface area if detonated some distance in the air over the target. Assuming the target population is concentrated at or near the surface, such as a city or most military bases, an air burst would be most deadly. If the target is underground in a hardened bunker, then a surface or even subsurface detonation would be more effective.
Airburst and altitude, Surface burst, Subsurface burst and depth (dirt, rock, or water)? Different in each case.
Depends on too many variables to answer without more information.yieldburst height/depthburst slant rangeTerrainWeatherif burst is subsurface, media surrounding burst (e.g. dirt, water, rock, concrete)construction of buildingsetc.
Any atmospheric, surface, or shallow subsurface burst. If it is too high to entrain dirt or water then the cloud is composed entirely of material from the bomb itself.
High-altitude burst Generically speaking, anything that occurs above Earth's surface is referred to as an airburst. Be that one inch above or 1,000 miles above. There are three types of nuclear blasts: the afore mentioned air burst, surface burst (that detonates upon impact, and the subsurface burst that detonates by timer or at depth. It occurs to me that your question may be worded confusingly, and you could mean the intent of detonating a nuclear device, specifically a thermonuclear device at high altitude. If this is the case, the result is an EMP (electron magnetic pulse), intended to knock out a power grid and solid state components.High altitude burst
Cannot answer without knowing:YieldHeight/depth of burstIf subsurface burst, material around burst (e.g. dirt, rock, water, concrete)WeatherTerrainConstructionPopulationPopulation density near ground zeroetc. etc.
Airburst and altitude, Surface burst, Subsurface burst and depth (dirt, rock, or water)? Different in each case.
An airburst, surface burst, or shallow subsurface burst. If the burst is too high to entrain dirt or water the cloud will be composed entirely of material from the bomb itself.
This depends mostly on the yield of the bomb, the burst type (air, surface, shallow subsurface, deep subsurface), and the slant range from the burst to the human being. Other factors are type of construction near the human being, clothing worn by the human being, weather at burst location, etc.
Depends on too many variables to answer without more information.yieldburst height/depthburst slant rangeTerrainWeatherif burst is subsurface, media surrounding burst (e.g. dirt, water, rock, concrete)construction of buildingsetc.
Anything but a deep subsurface burst or a burst in outer space.
Ground zero or surface zero. This is the point on the surface directly below or above the burst.
surface burstshallow subsurface burstvery low altitude airburstan optimal depth shallow subsurface burst will produce the biggest crater.even conventional explosives produce mushroom clouds, just proportionally smaller with the smaller yield.
Any atmospheric, surface, or shallow subsurface burst. If it is too high to entrain dirt or water then the cloud is composed entirely of material from the bomb itself.
A shallow subsurface burst.
subsurface burst.
Cannot answer; depends on the yield, burst height/depth, etc. Some examples of optimal altitude airbursts:Low yield tactical weapon, blast radius < 0.1 mile.Tzar Bomba (over 50MTon yield), blast radius 60 miles.Above or below the optimal altitude the blast radius of an airburst is reduced.Surface and subsurface bursts have much smaller blast radius values than airbursts. A deep enough subsurface burst can be entirely contained and have no effect on the surface (except for a brief earthquake if underground, or millions of tiny radioactive bubbles rising to surface if underwater).
A shallow subsurface burst.