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The ultimate source of energy in a hydroelectric power plant is the sun.

The sun heats water and evaporates it. The sun also creates winds that blow the evaporated water around, forming clouds, and then the evaporated water condenses into rain which collects in bodies of water that are higher in elevation than the original water before it was evaporated. This difference in elevation yields a potential energy (simplified as p = mge, where p is energy, m is mass, g is gravity, and e is elevation) that is converted to kinetic energy as it decreases in elevation while going through the water turbines. That kinetic energy is then converted to electric energy as the turbines are used to spin generators.

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