Just add or subtract (depending on the direction) the speed of the ball (in relation to the train) to the speed of the train (in relation to the ground).
The above assumes the speeds are not close to the speed of light; if they are, more complicated formulae are required.
An observer at a railroad crossing hears the lowest frequency of a train's whistle when the train is approaching. As the train moves towards the observer, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher perceived frequency.
If you are *not* dealing with special relativity and its effects, then the answer becomes far more simple. If you are not moving and are standing on the ground, then you see a train moving past you a fast speed. In this case, the reference "frame" (not necessarily a point) is you and the object being described is the train. If you flipped the roles, then it would be someone on the train watching you as the train moves. However, since it is from the train's perspective, it does not appear that the train is moving, but rather that you are moving away from the train, along with the rest of the world that passes the train by. This is described as the train being the reference frame and you would be the object described by the train. This is, again, just Galilean relativity. Special relativity puts a few twists on it and has some additional effects.
The observer on train B will see clock A ticking slower than their own clock due to time dilation effects at high speeds. This is a consequence of special relativity, where time is experienced differently for two observers moving relative to each other at near light speeds.
The observer at the crossing hears the lowest frequency of the train’s whistle when the train is moving away from them. This is due to the Doppler effect, where the pitch of the sound decreases as the source moves away from the observer.
The boy standing on the ground would hear the sound as the train’s horn is being blown, but the pitch would gradually decrease as the train moves away from him. This is due to the Doppler effect, where the frequency of the sound waves decreases as the source of the sound moves away from the observer.
Relative motion. To talk about a train moving at a certain speed usually means that the train is moving at a certain speed relative to a stationary observer (relative to the ground). This however also means that a passenger traveling in said train would experience the ground (and every other stationary object) as the moving object. This is why a stationary train may seem to be moving to passengers of an already moving train.
the answer is relative.. if you are standing on the same train, for you the man will be running as fast as it would do on the ground. If you are standing on the ground, then his speed relative to you will be the composition of the train speed + his speed. to make it more interesting.. think now that the train it's running with a speed that approach the speed of light relative to you.
Yes that is the case.
If you've stood beside the tracks when a train is passing at speed, you might have felt the ground shake with the weight of the train. The faster it goes, the more the ground shakes. To save the bridge from being shook up that much, the train slows down.
To a person inside the train the fly is just flying around as flies ordinarily do. To an observer outside of the train the fly is moving at 90kmh relative to the ground, with slight variations due to its flying movement. To someone observing from space, you would have to account for the earth's movement as well. The fly's movement will depend on the reference frame of the observer.
An observer at a railroad crossing hears the lowest frequency of a train's whistle when the train is approaching. As the train moves towards the observer, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher perceived frequency.
If you are *not* dealing with special relativity and its effects, then the answer becomes far more simple. If you are not moving and are standing on the ground, then you see a train moving past you a fast speed. In this case, the reference "frame" (not necessarily a point) is you and the object being described is the train. If you flipped the roles, then it would be someone on the train watching you as the train moves. However, since it is from the train's perspective, it does not appear that the train is moving, but rather that you are moving away from the train, along with the rest of the world that passes the train by. This is described as the train being the reference frame and you would be the object described by the train. This is, again, just Galilean relativity. Special relativity puts a few twists on it and has some additional effects.
The observer on train B will see clock A ticking slower than their own clock due to time dilation effects at high speeds. This is a consequence of special relativity, where time is experienced differently for two observers moving relative to each other at near light speeds.
The observer at the crossing hears the lowest frequency of the train’s whistle when the train is moving away from them. This is due to the Doppler effect, where the pitch of the sound decreases as the source moves away from the observer.
The boy standing on the ground would hear the sound as the train’s horn is being blown, but the pitch would gradually decrease as the train moves away from him. This is due to the Doppler effect, where the frequency of the sound waves decreases as the source of the sound moves away from the observer.
When a ping-pong ball bounces on a moving train, its motion appears different to an observer on the train and to an observer standing still outside. This illustrates how motion is relative and depends on the observer's frame of reference. Similarly, in the theory of relativity, the laws of physics are the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion.
If a person jumps out of a moving train, they are at risk of serious injury or death. The impact with the ground can cause severe trauma, and the speed of the train can make it difficult to land safely. It is never safe to jump out of a moving train.