Nerves. (Neurones)
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In a microphone, sound energy is converted into electrical energy. This happens when sound waves cause a diaphragm to vibrate, which in turn generates electrical signals. In headphones, electrical energy is converted back into sound energy. This process involves electrical signals being converted into vibrations by a diaphragm, which produces sound waves that we can hear.
In a boombox, electrical energy from the batteries or power source is transformed into sound energy through the speakers. The electrical signals are converted into vibrations that produce sound waves, creating the music or audio that you hear.
In the ear, sound energy is converted into mechanical energy through the vibration of the eardrum. This mechanical energy is then converted into electrical signals by hair cells in the cochlea, which are transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve for interpretation.
Electrical energy is transformed into electromagnetic waves, which travel through the air to a receiver in the radio. The receiver then transforms these waves back into electrical signals, which drive the speakers to produce sound waves that we hear as music or speech.
Vision takes place in the eye's retina, where light is converted into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, where they are processed and interpreted to form visual perceptions.
The optic nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the visual cortex in the brain. It carries signals in the form of electrical impulses that are generated by the retina in response to light stimulation.
The experience of pain takes place in the brain. Signals of pain are transmitted from nerve endings in the body to the brain, which processes and interprets these signals as pain.
Signals can travel from your senses to your brain at speeds of up to 120 meters per second, depending on the type of signal and the pathway it takes. This means that most signals reach the brain almost instantly, within milliseconds.
An unusual signal from the brain causes involuntary movements of the head and neck. Sometimes it takes a good neurologist to trace down the source of those strange electrical signals.
Eyes contain light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors that convert light waves into electrical signals that are sent to the brain through the optic nerve. The brain then processes these signals into visual information that we perceive as sight.
Neurons carry chemical signals to the brain; there it is interpreted. Most decision making and problem solving (thinking) takes place in the frontal lobe of the brain. Your brain interprets signals and figures out an answer or reaction to the information gathered from your body and senses.
It takes approximately 0.07-0.25 seconds for signals of touch to travel from your skin to your brain. This information is transmitted through nerve pathways that carry the sensory signals to the brain for interpretation.
Nerves transmit electrical impulses away from the body. Nerves are specialized cells that carry messages in the form of electrical signals between the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the body.
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There are several (a lot) of tiny hair like structures inside the ear will vibrate in response to certain sound frequencies. When a hair vibrates, it stimulates a particular cell which sends a signal to the neurons next to it, to the brain. The brain takes all of the inputs and can interpret that as sounds and frequencies. Louder sounds will cause it to vibrate more, so the brain can interpret that as well.
De Forest invented the Audion tube, a vacuum tube that takes relatively weak electrical signals and amplifies them.