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The first person to observe the polarization of light was Etienne-Louis Malus (1775-1812), who found that light passing through a piece of Iceland spar crystal was split into two beams. Thinking that each beam was aligned with some mystical "pole of light" (similar, in theory, to the poles of a magnet) Malus described the two beams as being "polarized." More precise work on the subject was conducted by a classmate of Malus', Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862), during the final years of the eighteenth century.

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