Do people know what TOKAMAK is? I mean how it translates.
тороидальная камера с магнитными катушками
A Russian acronym.
Quote from wiki:
"In 1968, at the third IAEA International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research at Novosibirsk, Soviet scientists announced that they had achieved electron temperatures of over 1000 eV in a tokamak device. This stunned British and American scientists, who were far away from reaching that benchmark. They remained suspicious until tests were done with laser scattering a few years later, confirming the original temperature measurements."
Nothing else to add actually. Russians invented it, way before western scientists by the way.
What is the Tokamak Fusion Reactor?
A tokamak is the magnetic container that traps and holds the plasma in this type of physics.
In tokamak reactors, approx 300 million degC
Plasma is highly ionized atoms. This results in extremely energetic ions, and these ions carry an electrostatic charge. The tokamak is a container with magnetic fields for boundaries. The plasma is a moving group of electrostatic charges, and moving charges create magnetic fields. The magnetic field thus created interacts with the magnetic field set up in the tokamak to deflect and thus confine the charged plasma.
A Tokamak reactor uses strong magnetic fields to contain the fusion reaction. While significant progress has been made in the field of fusion, temperatures high enough for continuous fusion have not been sustained for long periods of time. (Chemistry: Matter and Change; book)
What is the Tokamak Fusion Reactor?
Tokamak
A tokamak is the magnetic container that traps and holds the plasma in this type of physics.
tokamak
You think probable to Russian installation Tokamak.
In tokamak reactors, approx 300 million degC
Plasma is highly ionized atoms. This results in extremely energetic ions, and these ions carry an electrostatic charge. The tokamak is a container with magnetic fields for boundaries. The plasma is a moving group of electrostatic charges, and moving charges create magnetic fields. The magnetic field thus created interacts with the magnetic field set up in the tokamak to deflect and thus confine the charged plasma.
W R. Spears has written: 'A pulsed tokamak reactor study'
Ingeborg Entrop has written: 'Confinement of relativistic runaway electrons in tokamak plasmas'
You don't give the list of 'following countries' ! However I believe the largest or most powerful tokamak so far is the JET at Culham in England. See link below. The new one in S Korea looks perhaps to surpass that but it has not yet been fully operated. The tokamak originated in Russia, it was a brilliant development which took western science by surprise, but is now pretty universal in fusion research. The other possible lead is by laser ignition which is being promoted in a few places, but is very difficult to set up accurately. There is a Wikipedia article on 'tokamak' which gives a long list of facilities in many countries.
A Tokamak reactor uses strong magnetic fields to contain the fusion reaction. While significant progress has been made in the field of fusion, temperatures high enough for continuous fusion have not been sustained for long periods of time. (Chemistry: Matter and Change; book)
S. P Hirshman has written: 'Two-dimensional transport of tokamak plasmas' -- subject(s): Tokamaks