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The air molecules inside the test tube have a higher mobility when heated (they move around more). The collisions between these air molecules create more pressure on the inside of the test tube (force/area, where the force is the result of the increasing collisons and the area is the internal wall of the test tube.) This may result in the pressure inside of the test tube to be greater than the outside atmospheric pressure on the cork (actually atmospheric pressure on the cork and the frictional force on the cork created by the mouth of the test tube). If the internal pressure becomes greater than the external pressure (plus frictional force) the cork will come loose of the test tube.

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Why not fasten the receiver to the condenser with a tightly-fitting cork?

Using a tightly-fitting cork to fasten the receiver to the condenser can create a seal that might trap pressure or gases, leading to potential hazards like an explosion or breakage. Additionally, a cork may not provide a consistent thermal connection, which can affect the efficiency of heat exchange. It’s better to use materials and methods designed for proper sealing and thermal conductivity to ensure safety and functionality in laboratory setups.


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What hazards are associated with heating a liquid in a test tube that is tightly closed with a cork?

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Are all cork cells similar in shape?

No, cork cells can vary in shape depending on their location within the tissue. Cork cells found in the outer layer of the cork tissue are typically more irregular in shape and tightly packed, while those in the inner layers are more rounded or polygonal.


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A cork cell is typically rectangular or polygonal in shape with thin walls. It is tightly packed and devoid of any living components, such as the nucleus. The walls are lined with a waxy substance called suberin which makes cork cells waterproof and resistant to decay.


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No, it is not safe to put a cork stopper on a gasoline can. Gasoline can produce vapors that are flammable, and using a cork stopper can create a buildup of pressure or even lead to a risk of explosion. It is essential to use the appropriate and tightly sealed lid designed for gasoline containers to ensure safety.


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