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Planes are made of light materials because of the four basic elements of flight. Weight, drag, thrust and lift.

Because it takes some sort of power to produce thrust, which intern helps to make lift. Weight and drag are the negative feedback to this reaction. In order to overcome this negative feedback you need more thrust and more lift.

The lighter the plane is, and the smoother the surface is, the more easily it can produce lift. Since we know that in level flight:

lift= weight and thrust = drag

In order for a plane to climb, or begin flight, thrust is needed to produce the airflow over the AIRFOILS (wing, or blades, in other words surfaces for flight) as the velocity of the air increases, the pressure decreases. High pressure systems seek Low pressure systems.

Essentially, a wing is a device that separates air. Because of the shape of it:

Flat bottom and curved top.

The air has further to travel over the top of the wing, and air is a fluid, and fluids don't like to be compressed. This phenomenon causes the air to travel faster over the top.

According to Bernoulli's principle, Higher velocity=lower pressure and higher pressure= lower velocity.

Airplanes are designed to be a more time efficient way of travel.

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