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Lenses are made of materials that are denser than the air surrounding them.

As light waves move from low-density materials (air) to high-density materials (the glass or plastic of the lens - or water for that matter) they refract (fancy word for bend) because the new, denser material slows the light waves down.

The angle and direction of the lens (orientation combined with convexity or concavity) determines the direction in which the light waves are bent.

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