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To keep from destroying the propellers or the turbine by exceeding maximum tip speeds or thrust forces. The maximum tip speed is the velocity in feet per second of the tip of the propeller making the arc around the circumference. As it nears this velocity the machine would vibrate and tear itself apart. A factor of safety in designing these machines is employed to ensure they never get close to this speed. So a 100 foot propeller would trace an arc with a maximum circumference of 314.15 feet. at 1 RPM the tip of the propeller moves at 50.3 feet per second. Several factors go into determining this safe speed, weather conditions, wildlife concerns, precipitation, thrust forces on the structure, stress fatigue (wear and tear)... etc., all of these factors combine to determine a safe design maximum speed. So large wind turbines spin slowly.

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