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When heat is applied to something, it tends to expand. When you pour hot water into something made out of glass, only the inside dilates, and the outside doesn't, since its temperature is cooler. If the insides enlarges but the outside doesn't, it cracks. For this reason thick glass is more likely to crack, and thinner glass is less likely.

Also, the bottom of the glass could expand, while the top doesn't (if the hot water goes straight to the bottom). In any case, the temperature is higher in one part of the glass and lower in another, so one part expands and another stays the same size.

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Why a thicks walled glass tumbler cracks on pouring boiling water into it?

The boiling water causes the inside surface of the thick glass to expand rapidly. But the outside of the glass expands at a much slower rate, as it takes time for the heat from the inside to reach the outside, and the expansion to equalise. It is this difference in expansion that can cause the glass to break.


How does he amount of energy change during boiling?

During boiling, the amount of energy remains constant as the temperature of the substance stays the same until all of it has converted into vapor. Once boiling starts, the added heat energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds holding the liquid together, rather than increasing the temperature.


How does water evaporate without boiling?

Water can evaporate without boiling when it reaches a certain temperature called the "boiling point." This happens when the water molecules gain enough energy to break free from the liquid and turn into vapor. Evaporation can occur at any temperature, not just the boiling point, as long as there is enough heat energy present to allow the water molecules to escape into the air.


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Boiling water typically uses thermal energy, which is the energy associated with heat. When water reaches its boiling point, the thermal energy added to the water causes the water molecules to gain enough kinetic energy to break free from their liquid state and change into vapor.


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Increasing pressure generally increases the melting and boiling points of a substance. This is because pressure forces molecules to be packed closer together, making it harder for them to break free from each other in the solid or liquid phase. Conversely, decreasing pressure lowers the melting and boiling points.

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