Why hydraulic machines are called force multipliers?

Answer 1

Consider a hydraulic machine such as a press. The pump in one of these machines might produce a pressure of, say, 500 pounds per square inch. Let's say that the pump pushes fluid through a tube with a cross-sectional area of one square inch so that the pump is producing a force of 500 pounds over one square inch. The fluid that it pumps might go into a cylinder with an area of say, 100 square inches where the fluid can push on a piston. Now each square inch of the piston undergoes a force of 500 pounds for a total force on the piston of 500 x 100 = 50,000 pounds. It is as if the force has been multiplied from the 500 that the pump produces to 50,000.

Answer 2

pressurized gases

pressurized gases or fluids pushing on surfaces of different sizes, or using pumps to increase the pressure of the fluid and resulting forces.

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Liquid levers

Consider a hydraulic cylinder (cross sectional area 50 sq mm) fully extended and

connected by a line to a fully back cylinder ( cross sectional area 100 sq mm), apply a force of 500 newtons to the rod of the smaller cylinder, creating a pressure of :

(500 / 50) = 10 n / sq mm

This pressure is transmitted to the larger cylinder but acts over a larger piston area, so ,

force = pressure * area

force = 10 * 100

force from larger cylinder = 1000 newtons

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So the force has doubled, but the larger cylinder piston will only move half as far as the smaller cylinder.

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Input force * distance = output force * distance

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Output force = input force * (output area / input area)

Answer 3

input pressure X area = output pressure X area