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It's actually minus 273 which is absolute zero, also known as zero kelvin. This figure was calculated from extrapolation from Charles' Law, one of the three Gas Laws (others are Boyle's Law and the Pressure Law aka Gay-Lussac's Law). Charles' Law states that for a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature; this means that if you have a frictionless container with flexible walls, floor and roof, filled with a certain amount of gas and you then heat that gas, the volume will increase as the temperature rises. If you plot the readings on a simple graph, x-axis temperature, y-axis volume, then the plot will be a straight line which if then continued down below zero Celsius will cross the y-axis and ultimately meet the x-axis at a temperature of -273 degrees; at this point the volume of the gas is theoretically zero because the molecules are not moving at all; there can be no lower temperature than this because the molecules cannot move any less than not at all. Hence -273 C is absolute zero.

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David Bartlett, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK

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