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A lone oxygen atom has 6 outer shell or valence electrons but like other atoms, is most stable with a full outer shell of 8 electrons.

In order to get this full outer shell, the oxygen atoms shares electrons with another atom, this is called a covalent bond.

In the O2 molecule there are two oxygen atoms bonded together. Each atom contributes 2 electrons to be shared between both atoms, allowing each atom to achieve a full outer shell.

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