They call it "cooling" but it is not thermal cooling it is radiological "cooling" by decay of highly radioactive short half life isotopes. This reduces the radioactivity of the spent fuel and makes it easier to handle and process.
If the control rods in a nuclear reactor were somehow to be instantly "jerked" out of the reactor, the reactor would go supercritical. If they were pulled at a normal rate and all of the control rods were pulled out, the reactor would start up and heat up and would end up running far too hot. Any one of several safety systems would shut the reactor down before this could happen. If the safety systems were disabled, the reactor would overheat and a meltdown may occur.
The used fuel in a nuclear power plant is the nuclear fuel being discharged from the nuclear reactor after being irradiated during reactor operation. It is usually composed of trans-uranium heavy elements, a wide variety of fission products (that resulted from the nuclear fission processes in the nuclear reactor) and products of radioactive decay (produced before and after fuel discharge from the nuclear reactor).
The steam generated in a nuclear reactor is used to turn a turbine, which in turn drives a generator to produce electricity. After passing through the turbine, the steam is condensed back into water in the condenser before being pumped back to the reactor as part of the cooling loop.
It was not controlled, once the top of the reactor was blown off there was nothing anyone could do. The fuel melted and ran down, whilst the graphite burned away, so this would stop the nuclear reaction. The task then was to put out the fire which was still raising radioactive material into the atmosphere. This was done partly by firemen with hoses (many of whom died from radiation) and by dropping material onto the burning reactor from helicopters.
The time it takes to cool a nuclear reactor down varies. If a reactor has been running at nearly full power and is shut down, it takes several days to even weeks to cool it down. The size of the reactor and the "aggressiveness" of a cooling system will affect the cooldown time as well as the power levels at which the reactor was operating at before shutdown. If a reactor has been operating for some time at high power and is shut down, fission in the core stops (as it does in any shutdown). But fission products in the core are at a high level because the reactor was operating at high power. These fission products will continue to decay for some time. The decaying fission products will be creating a lot of residual heat for this extended period, too.
If the control rods in a nuclear reactor were somehow to be instantly "jerked" out of the reactor, the reactor would go supercritical. If they were pulled at a normal rate and all of the control rods were pulled out, the reactor would start up and heat up and would end up running far too hot. Any one of several safety systems would shut the reactor down before this could happen. If the safety systems were disabled, the reactor would overheat and a meltdown may occur.
The residence time in a chemical reactor system is calculated by dividing the volume of the reactor by the volumetric flow rate of the reactants. This calculation helps determine how long the reactants stay in the reactor before exiting.
The lifespan of a kilogram of uranium inside a nuclear reactor depends on the type of reactor and its operating conditions. Typically, a kilogram of uranium in a reactor can generate energy for several years before needing to be replaced or refueled. The amount of energy generated also depends on the efficiency and design of the reactor.
The used fuel in a nuclear power plant is the nuclear fuel being discharged from the nuclear reactor after being irradiated during reactor operation. It is usually composed of trans-uranium heavy elements, a wide variety of fission products (that resulted from the nuclear fission processes in the nuclear reactor) and products of radioactive decay (produced before and after fuel discharge from the nuclear reactor).
The CIRUS reactor in India is commonly used for studies involving uranium heavy water lattices. This reactor was used for research purposes before being permanently shut down in 2010.
it is a petrochemical plant process where heavy waxes are removed from crude oils and reformed products prior to further treatment
This is used in the nuclear reactor that is known as Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) in which heat produced by the nuclear fission in the nuclear fuel allows the light water reactor coolant to boil. Then, the nuclear reactor moisture separator is used to increase the dryness of the produced steam before it goes to the reactor steam turbines.
Nuclear energy is released as heat in the fuel of a nuclear reactor, but only when the reactor has been brought to criticality and the chain reaction started. At that point the heat must be used, it can't be stored and used later. Before criticality is established, the reactor is shutdown and producing no nuclear heat from fission, so you could regard it as having potential nuclear energy in that state
They are not being removed! There are more now then ever before.
Parboil potatoes for about 5-7 minutes before cooking them further.
Before lymph nodes are removed, a small amount of tissue is usually removed. A biopsy will be performed on it to check for the presence of abnormal cells.
No, diathermy should not be used on necrotic tissue as it can further damage the tissue and lead to complications. Necrotic tissue needs to be properly debrided and removed before any other treatments can be considered.