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What causes nuclear reactions?
an atom has a part called nucleus which can be split apart.When this is done a tremedous amount of energy is released.The energy is both heat and light if this is energy is let out slowly then it can be harnessed to make electricity if it is let out all at once it will cause nuclar energy bdgrejdxhjhtm
Properties of alpha particles?
The alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus. The mass is 6,644 656 75(29).10-27 kg. The electrical charge is +2. The have a great energy and are dangerous for the organism. But they can be easily stopped by a piece of paper.
How do neutrons work?
Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have no electric charge, but they play a crucial role in stabilizing the nucleus by providing nuclear binding energy. Neutrons are also involved in nuclear reactions, such as fission and fusion, and can be used in applications like nuclear power generation and neutron scattering studies.
What is a meson exchange?
The Strong Nuclear Force (also referred to as the strong force) is one of the four basic forces in nature (the others being gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak nuclear force). As its name implies, it is the strongest of the four. However, it also has the shortest range, meaning that particles must be extremely close before its effects are felt. Its main job is to hold together the subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons, which carry a positive charge, and neutrons, which carry no charge. These particles are collectively called nucleons). As most people learn in their science education, like charges repel (+ +, or - -), and unlike charges attract (+ -).If you consider that the nucleus of all atoms except hydrogen contain more than one proton, and each proton carries a positive charge, then why would the nuclei of these atoms stay together? The protons must feel a repulsive force from the other neighboring protons. This is where the strong nuclear force comes in. The strong nuclear force is created between nucleons by the exchange of particles called mesons. This exchange can be likened to constantly hitting a ping-pong ball or a tennis ball back and forth between two people. As long as this meson exchange can happen, the strong force is able to hold the participating nucleons together. The nucleons must be extremely close together in order for this exchange to happen. The distance required is about the diameter of a proton or a neutron. If a proton or neutron can get closer than this distance to another nucleon, the exchange of mesons can occur, and the particles will stick to each other. If they can't get that close, the strong force is too weak to make them stick together, and other competing forces (usually the electromagnetic force) can influence the particles to move apart. This is represented in the following graphic. The dotted line surrounding the nucleon being approached represents any electrostatic repulsion that might be present due to the charges of the nucleons/particles that are involved. A particle must be able to cross this barrier in order for the strong force to "glue" the particles together.In the case of approaching protons/nuclei, the closer they get, the more they feel the repulsion from the other proton/nucleus (the electromagnetic force). As a result, in order to get two protons/nuclei close enough to begin exchanging mesons, they must be moving extremely fast (which means the temperature must be really high), and/or they must be under immense pressure so that they are forced to get close enough to allow the exchange of meson to create the strong force. Now, back to the nucleus. One thing that helps reduce the repulsion between protons within a nucleus is the presence of any neutrons. Since they have no charge they don't add to the repulsion already present, and they help separate the protons from each other so they don't feel as strong a repulsive force from any other nearby protons. Also, the neutrons are a source of more strong force for the nucleus since they participate in the meson exchange. These factors, coupled with the tight packing of protons in the nucleus so that they can exchange mesons creates enough strong force to overcome their mutual repulsion and force the nucleons to stay bound together. The preceding explanation shows the reason why it is easier to bombard a nucleus with neutrons than with protons. Since the neutrons have no charge, as they approach a positively charged nucleus they will not feel any repulsion. They therefore can easily "break" the electrostatic repulsion barrier to being exchanging mesons with the nucleus, thus becoming incorporated into it.
Why is it easier to squash a gas?
it is easier to squash a gas because the particles are so spread out. this means they have room to move therefore they can all move into one place so can be squashed. they are not joined will means they can move anywhere.
Why is it easier to hit a nucleus with a neutron rather than an alpha particle?
Neutrons are uncharged; alpha particles have a charge of +2. That means that while there is no electrostatic repulsion between the nucleus and the neutron, the alpha particle is repelled by the (also positively charged) nucleus.
What particles are easier to add to and remove from an atom?
In normal chemical reactions, electrons are easier to add or remove from an atom. Protons and neutrons are never added or removed in normal chemical reactions. Only nuclear reactions can change the numbers of protons and neutrons, such as radioactive decay. However, even then the protons and neutrons are not added or removed in the way that electrons are.
How heavy water is used to make plutonium from uranium?
Heavy water can be used in a nuclear reactor to moderate the speed of neutrons, making it easier for uranium-238 to absorb a neutron and become plutonium-239. This process is known as breeding plutonium in a reactor and is one method of producing plutonium for nuclear weapons or fuel.
Why the electron is most likely to be lost or gained by atom?
An atom is made up of 3 items: electrons which are negatively charged, protons which are positively charged, and neutrons which carry no charge. The protons and neutrons are closely grouped together in the nucleus of the atom. The electrons are in orbit around the nucleus in a similar manner as the planets orbit the sun. In this configuration it is much easier to lose or gain electrons than protons or neutrons.
What causes nuclear reactions?
an atom has a part called nucleus which can be split apart.When this is done a tremedous amount of energy is released.The energy is both heat and light if this is energy is let out slowly then it can be harnessed to make electricity if it is let out all at once it will cause nuclar energy bdgrejdxhjhtm
Properties of alpha particles?
The alpha particle is a helium-4 nucleus. The mass is 6,644 656 75(29).10-27 kg. The electrical charge is +2. The have a great energy and are dangerous for the organism. But they can be easily stopped by a piece of paper.
Why are only uranium and plutonium used in nuclear reactors?
Uranium and plutonium are used in nuclear reactors because they undergo nuclear fission, releasing a large amount of energy. This energy is harnessed to generate electricity. These elements are preferred due to their ability to sustain a chain reaction in a controlled manner within the reactor core.
What particle builds an electric charge when it is transferred from one object to another?
Electrons, they actually have an electric charge (like protons, but not neutrons), plus they are lighter and spin around the nucleus in the outer shell. This makes it easier to transfer to other atoms.
Is it easier to lose electrons when the valence electrons are far from the nucleus?
Yes, it is true.
How do they get neutrons to cause nuclear fission chain reactions?
Uranium spontaneously decays, producing (primarily) alpha and (some) neutrons. With the control rods fully inserted, these neutrons are absorbed and not used. Although some neutrons do go on to cause other atoms to decay, there are not enough to sustain a reaction, what we call a criticality. To start the reactor up we pull control rods, which increases reactivity. Neutrons are now more free to interact with other atoms of uranium, and the reaction rate increases. We adjust rods (and other things such as water pressure and temperature) and trim reactivity to the desired level, creating criticality in a controlled fashion. A new core, one that has never been critical, has far fewer spontaneous neutrons flying around. It is still possible to pull rods and go critical, but it will take much longer, and it will be effectively unmonitored because of the low neutron flux. This is dangerous because, by the time criticality starts, you won't be able to trim it up smoothly, and the risk of super-criticality is high. To avert this, new cores are seeded with neutron sources, usually antimony and beryllium. This creates a higher starting point of neutron flux, and places the in-core instrumentation on-scale, making it far easier to see when criticality is approaching.
Why are valence electrons easier to remove from an atom than core electrons?
Valence electrons are further away from the nucleus and experience less attraction to the positively charged protons in the nucleus compared to core electrons. This makes valence electrons easier to remove from an atom. Core electrons are located closer to the nucleus and are more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove them from the atom.
Why are only electrons removed from atom?
Electrons are easier to remove from an atom compared to protons or neutrons because they are located in the outermost energy levels of the atom, called the valence shell. This makes them more susceptible to interactions with other atoms or external forces that can lead to their removal. Additionally, removing protons or neutrons would disrupt the balance of positive and negative charges in the nucleus, making it energetically unfavorable.
