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Newton's first law of motion is often stated as

An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. (Unbalanced force here being the brake force applied to the train's wheels and the friction between the wheels and the tracks/grade.)

The stopping distance of that object is directly proportional to it's mass. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia. (resistance of an object to change it's present state) and momentum (weight times velocity). The faster it's going-the longer distance it needs to stop.

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