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Rarely does a neon gas filled sign go dim. If so, it is usually a problem with a neon transformer not being able to fully light up the sign. If the transformer is magnetically inductive, it will flash or "flicker" the neon tube. If the transformer is electronic/high frequency, it may get weak and dim it's output. Electronic Transformers generate their output power by modulating their output very very fast, creating high frequency waveforms (almost like a radio antenna) that make the gas molecules dance around.

Most commonly, an ARGON filled neon tube will go dim, especially in cold weather. The Mercury that is used in conjunction with the Argon fill gas condenses from a gaseous state, back into little tiny droplets. When this happens, the ultraviolet light that the mercury produces is no longer emitting, and just the weak lavender-colored Argon lights up. Without the mercury vapor, the phosphore coating on the inside of the neon tube will not properly light up.

So, the root cause of a dim neon sign (peerhaps more fittingly called an ARGON-MERCURY SIGN, but nobody ever makes the distinction) is missing or condensed mercury.

I can often remove a dimmed out tube from a sign, tumble the mercury around inside by rotating it in all different directions (especially important to get some of the mercury pellets into both of the electrodes - hopefully wetting the outside of the electrode shell), and re-light up the tube. By getting the mercury into both electrode ends, the mercury will heat up, vaporize, and distribute thruought the tube... making it bright again. this can take hours and must be left on in a warmer environment.

Keep in mind ALL phosphore coated neon tubes, when used with Argon/Mercury (herein after abbreviated to Hg) and even sometimes Neon gas, will depreciate their output due to the phosphores having a limited lifespan. Wiki "halflife".

Also... be aware that many electronic transformers condense the Hg by virtue of an unbalanced waveform in their output. If there is a DC component in the AC wave, that bias can actually draw the Hg to one side of a tube, making a tube bright on one side and dim on the other. This normally does not happen with magnetic/exterior neon transformers.

NEON USES HIGH VOLTAGE AND CAN BE DANGEROUS. NEVER HOLD A NEON TUBE WHEN IT IS PLUGGED IN UNLESS YOU ARE VERY EXPERIENCED AT DOING SO AND ARE AWARE OF THE SHOCK DANGERS. IF YOU DO NOT PROPERLY WIRE A NEON SIGN IT CAN EASILY START A FIRE!!!!

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