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Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom in specific orbitals, a specific distance from the nucleus of the atom. A specific quanta of energy will knock the electron into a higher orbital. When the electron falls back into the lower orbital, it will give off that same specific quanta of energy. That is why lasers work.

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Can the Charge or orbit or mass of a proton or electron or neutron be change by any external or internal force?

intrinsic and quantised.


What happens when a hydrogen atom absorbs a quantum of energy?

Depends on the energy of the photon. If the energy of the photon is less than the energy of ionization of the hydrogen - energy required to expell the electron from the nucleus force field - then the electron will just get more energetic and go to an orbital further from the nucleus. If the energy of the photon is higher than the energy of ionization of the hydrogen, then the electron will be expelled, and the hydrogen will become an ion - H+.


What does it mean that energy is quantised?

When we say that energy is quantised, it means that energy exists in discrete packets or "quanta" rather than being continuous. In quantum mechanics, this concept implies that systems can only possess specific, fixed amounts of energy, often associated with particular states or levels. For example, electrons in an atom can only occupy certain energy levels and can transition between them by absorbing or emitting energy in quantised amounts, such as photons. This quantisation underlies many phenomena in physics, including atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.


What is lightning in regards to energy?

Lightning is the stream of electron and is considered the electrical energy.


Is ATP considered an electron carrier?

No, ATP is not considered an electron carrier. ATP is the primary energy-carrying molecule in cells, storing and transferring energy for cellular processes. Electron carriers like NADH and FADH2 are involved in the transport of electrons during cellular respiration.


Are electrons energy?

No. They are particles. However, when an electron is moving through space it HAS energy. Since an electron has mass it can not be considered to be pure energy. ------------------------------------ Yes they are energy. Energy is the ulimatum and only form energy matter comes out and matter is defined as the one which occupies space. Mass is the quantity of matter contained in a body. Hence though electron is massive particle it has come out of energy.


Is red shift quantised?

No, it is continuous.


Why the potential energy is zero in free electron case?

In the case of a free electron, there is no external force acting on the electron, so no work is done to displace it. Since potential energy is associated with work done in displacing an object against a force, the potential energy of a free electron is considered to be zero.


Is a duplet electron considered stable?

A duplet electron configuration is considered stable, as it corresponds to having two electrons in the outer energy level, which is the most stable configuration for elements in the first period. Elements like helium achieve a duplet electron configuration and are relatively stable due to their full outermost energy level.


Why is angular momentum quantised?

In the macroscopic world it is not.


Is a digital clock continuous or quantized?

It is quantised.


The energy of an electron varies depending upon which energy level that electron occupies.?

Yes, the energy of an electron does vary depending on which energy level it occupies.