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The cells produced by mitosis undergo a period of elongation in the direction of the axis of the root. It is at this time that they are sensitive to gravity and respond with gravitropism.
Auxin accumulates on the lower surface of the root and inhibits elongation of cells in that region.
Plants increase in length by increasing the number of cells,i.e,by cell division.
The Meristematic Region or Growing PointThis region occurs immediately behind the root cap. The Meristematic region consists of meristematic tissue and is protected by the root cap. The cells are very activeand divide rapidly to form new cells which differentiate later to form more specialized root tissues. The cells of this region also replace the cells rubbed-off from the root cap and provide additional cells for the next region.FunctionThis is the region where the cells divide and where additional cells are provided for the zone of elongation.The Region of ElongationThe cells formed in the meristematic region undergo rapid growth in length. This causes the root to elongate and penetrate deeper into the soil in search for water and mineral salts. The meristematic and elongation zones are also referred to as the region of growth.FunctionIn this region the cells undergo rapid enlargement,i.e. the cells undergo rapid growth in length.The Root-hair RegionThe root hair region occurs a short distance above the region of elongation. Here a large number of fine, hair-like outgrowths are formed. The root hairs arise from the epidermal tissue of the root and are called root hairs. The root hairs are short and short-lived and develop on theprimary and secondary roots. A root-hair consists of the following parts: a thin cell wall, a thin lining of cytoplasm which contains thenucleus and a comparatively large vacuole containing cell sap.FunctionThe main function of the root hairs is to increase the area of absorption of the root.The Mature RegionThe mature region is situated above the root hair region. Here the root becomes thicker and secondary or lateral rootsare developed. The secondary roots in turn rebranch to form tertiary roots. Each lateral branch has its own cap, root hairs, meristematic, elongation and mature regions. The roots in this region are covered by a protective cork layer .FunctionsIn this region the cells undergo differentiation into specialized cells,(e.g. xylem and phloem).It also serves to anchor the plant.febbie
Greater concentration of auxin in the cells facing light restrict cell elongation whereas on the other side (away from light) more elongation of cells takes place due to optimum amount of auxin. thus, the shoots turn towards light.
They start to differentiate.
Roots mainly grow towards regions with higher concentrations of nutrients, water, and oxygen. They also grow away from areas with high levels of toxins or unfavorable soil conditions. Additionally, roots grow towards gravity, a phenomenon known as positive geotropism, with the root tip sensing gravity and growing downwards.
The cells produced by mitosis undergo a period of elongation in the direction of the axis of the root. It is at this time that they are sensitive to gravity and respond with gravitropism.
Elongation
auxin
by the formation of more bone cells i.e. osteocytes
The cell wall when increased in size causes plant cells to elongate. This is accompanied by increase in cytoplasmic contents also. Thus, the dry weight of the cell also increases with the elongation of cell wall.