Since you put this question into the houseplants category, I will answer this question for a potted bamboo.
Bamboo plants are a tough member of the grass family. If you have root rot, it is most likely from lack of drainage in your container.
Remove the bamboo from your container, shaking off excess potting soil. Discard this soil.
Flush the soil off the roots with running tap water, and prune out all rotted roots. Dip your shears in a solution of bleach water (1 part bleach and 4 parts water) between cuts, or rub the blades with a cotton swab soaked in rubbing alcohol. Rinse again in water before re-planting in fresh potting soil. Make sure your container has adequate drainage. Since bamboos can be shallow-rooted, if you have a deep pot, it would be a good idea to cover the bottom of the container with aquarium gravel and/or activated charcoal prior to adding the potting soil. Add soil only to the depth of the uppermost roots - do not bury the stems. Water your container of bamboo, but DO NOT let it sit in the run-off from the drainage holes.
This should help your bamboo get a new start on life.
If however, you are talking about root rot in what is called a "lucky bamboo" that is growing in water, there is still a way to try to help your plant. "Lucky bamboo" is actually stems of the dracaena plant, and they will root in fresh water. If you have root rot in your "lucky bamboo" - proceed with the steps listed above for washing and trimming the roots. Clean out your planter with a mild bleach solution, and rinse thoroughly. Keep your water fresh in your "lucky bamboo" container and remove any leaves or dead vegetative matter immediately to help prevent future rot.
"Lucky bamboo" can also be potted in soil, but again, make sure your container has adequate drainage and do not over-water as a potted plant.
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The bamboo used in bamboo water fountains shouel be treated to avoid rot.
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