Horizontal expansion is enabled by simply producing more of what is already being produced. An example would be a farmer buying or renting more land to grow more of the same crops he already produces or starting to produce a wider range of crops. Vertical expansion is the farmer getting deeper into the distribution chain of what he has already produced. For example, if he were to take the crops he produces through the processing and marketing phases. A dairy farmer starting his own cheese and ice cream factory is a very good example of vertical expansion. See the related link below for an example of a Wisconsin dairy farm family who have done very well with vertical expansion.
It is just the production of crops such as corn and oats.
Primarily high value human food crops. The expenses involved in the infrastructure are prohibitive for livestock feed or forage crops.
Wheat
Several advantages occur from vertical climate zones including increased crop production, protection from weather related problems, conservation of resources, organic crops, and water recycling
Silo
growing crops came with seasons.
Alot of citrus production
because it can affect the crops production
Agricultural production was a contributing factor to start the Industrial Revolution.
it may be vertical to keep crops from being smothered in smoke.
Rice,wheat
Increasing food production