Mowing dandelions can spread their seeds if the flowers have already turned into seed heads. It's best to mow before the flowers go to seed to prevent spreading.
The seed heads are dustributed by the wind
The seed bearing part of the plant is distributed by wind currents
either about 3 weeks but they grow mostly in soil
Ferns are considered vascular seedless plants. Well, they are seedless, but they do have spores.
If you mean tap root, carrots and dandelions have tap root systems.
as a seed developing in the base of another dandelion flower that will eventually mature and blow in the wind.
Dandelions typically take about 3-4 months to grow from seed to flower. They are a hardy plant that can thrive in various conditions, which contributes to their relatively quick growth rate.
Jethro Tull
The pistil
Each seed of the dandelion has it's own built-in parachute. So when the wind blows the parachute help to make the seed move further away from the parent plant and increases its chances of survival.
Because geraniums are so wholly unrelated to dandelions, there would have to have been a foreign seed introduced to your container. :-) Dandelions are famous for easily going air born and sticking themselves in inconvenient places. If you store your potting soil in an unprotected area, a seed can easily make its way into containers when one plants them.