Mosses evolved first among these groups, appearing around 470 million years ago. They were followed by ferns, which emerged roughly 360 million years ago. Gymnosperms, such as conifers, appeared next around 319 million years ago, and angiosperms, or flowering plants, evolved later, approximately 140 million years ago. Thus, the correct order of evolution is mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and then angiosperms.
The four main groups of plants are mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Mosses are non-vascular plants, ferns are seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms have naked seeds (like pine trees), and angiosperms have seeds enclosed in fruits (flowering plants).
Angiosperms (flowering plants) Gymnosperms (conifers) Ferns Mosses Algae Fungi
Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms represent different stages in plant evolution. Mosses are non-vascular and reproduce via spores, thriving in moist environments. Ferns are vascular and also reproduce with spores but have a more complex structure, including roots and leaves. Gymnosperms (e.g., conifers) produce seeds exposed on cones, while angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within fruits, reflecting a higher level of complexity and adaptation to diverse environments.
a. Angiosperms have the most species among the options provided, with over 300,000 species. b. Gymnosperms have around 1,000 species. c. Conifers are a group within the gymnosperms and have about 600-700 species. d. Mosses have around 12,000-20,000 species. e. Ferns have around 10,560 species.
Embryophytes are essentially equivalent to the land plants, which include all plants that have evolved to live primarily on land. This taxon includes mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
Ferns, mosses and gymnosperms
Among the groups listed, only Angiosperms and Gymnosperms produce flowers. Angiosperms, commonly known as flowering plants, produce flowers as part of their reproductive process, while Gymnosperms, such as conifers, have reproductive structures called cones but do not produce true flowers. Bryophytes, like mosses, and ferns do not produce flowers; instead, they reproduce through spores.
Because ferns (Pteridophyta) and gymnosperms are part of the larger category of vascular plants (Tracheophyta) and share common features that mosses lack. Perhaps also because of the spurious notion that "seed ferns" (Pteridospermatophyta), the ancestors of the gymnosperms, evolved from ferns. In fact, "seed ferns" are a large, heterogeneous category of plants which are generally believed to be only distantly related to true ferns.
The first land-inhabiting plants were likely mosses and liverworts. These early plants played a key role in the colonization of land by providing a foundation for other plant species to follow. Over time, more complex plants, such as ferns and gymnosperms, evolved.
a tracheophyte is a vascular plant which is capable of conducting water, minerals and photosynthetic products through the plant. This includes conifers, gymnosperms, angiosperms, club mosses and ferns.
Angiosperms have flowers, fruits and seeds. However ferns, horsetails, and club mosses do not have either of these.
Angiosperms have flowers, fruits and seeds. However ferns, horsetails, and club mosses do not have either of these.