Ferns have traditionally been grouped in the Class Filices, but modern classifications assign them their own phylum or division in the plant kingdom, called Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta.
filicinophyta
Filicinophyta all have roots, leaves and stems but they don't have true xylems and phloems. Spores are produced on the undersides of their leaves and these leaves tend to be divided.
Filicinophyta all have roots, leaves and stems but they don't have true xylems and phloems. Spores are produced on the undersides of their leaves and these leaves tend to be divided.
Any tracheophyte plant of the phylum Filicinophyta, having roots, stems, and fronds and reproducing by spores formed in structures (sori) on the leaves.
Filicinophyta, commonly known as ferns, are classified as non-flowering vascular plants that reproduce via spores. They belong to the division Pteridophyta and are characterized by their large, divided leaves called fronds. Ferns typically prefer shady, moist environments and have a unique lifecycle with two distinct generations: the sporophyte (the familiar leafy fern plant) and the gametophyte (a small, heart-shaped structure that produces gametes).
The advanced characteristics of subphylum Filicinophyta, also known as ferns, include well-developed vascular tissues for conducting water and nutrients, a dominant sporophyte generation, and typically large leaves called fronds. They also have specialized structures like indusia and sporangia that produce spores for reproduction. Additionally, ferns exhibit heterosporous reproduction, where they produce two different types of spores - microspores and megaspores.
Subphylum Filicinophyta (ferns) are considered more advanced than subphylum Lycopodiophyta (club mosses) because they have roots, stems, and leaves, as well as a more developed vascular system that allows for better water and nutrient transport. Ferns also have more complex reproductive structures and lifecycles compared to club mosses.
There are 12 divisions of plantae
Subphylum Filicinophyta (ferns) have large, complex leaves called fronds, while subphylum Lycopodiophyta (club mosses) have smaller leaves and simpler structures. Ferns also have a more advanced vascular system that includes true roots, stems, and leaves, whereas club mosses have simpler, dichotomously branching stems. Additionally, ferns produce spores in structures called sporangia, which are typically clustered in groups called sori, while club mosses have strobili that contain spore-producing structures.
cnidarine, arthropods, sponge, mollusk, worms,lichen
One is rhodophyta, which surprisingly includes kelps. Another is chlorophyta, which is made of colonies of organisms. This is the closest you could get to two phylums of multicellular organisms in kingdom Protista.
Ferns always have the following characteristics. (1)Plant bodies are better developed than bryophytes. Differentiation is obvious. Plant bodies possess the vegetative organs, as leaves and stems. But roots are still called rhizoids.(2)In their alternation of generations, the asexual generation predominate. The plant bodies in asexual generation are called sporophytes. The sizes of sporophytes range from 40 cm to 100 cm in height.(3)Sporophytes can produce asexual spores for the production of the gametophytes. Gametophytes can be free-living and possess chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Others may be parasitic in the sporophytes. For living forms, the gametophytes are called prothallus. A thallus is thin and have several layers of cells in thickness. So, they cannot resist direct sunlight.(4)Gametophytes can produce antheridia and archegonia. Antheridia produce antherozoids, the male gametes. Archegonia produce ova, the female gametes.(5)The primitive forms produce only one type of asexual spore. After germination, this unit type of asexual spore can produce both antheridia and archegonia. So, this type of plants are called homosporous. The advance form would produce two types of asexual spores, the megaspores and microspores. Megaspores can germinate to produce female gametophytes. Microspores can germinate to produce male gametophytes. Then, they are called heterospores. -ahang-