Spot level in surveying refers to the process of recording the elevation at a specific point on the ground using a leveling instrument. This information helps in creating accurate topographic maps and is crucial for construction projects to ensure proper grading and drainage.
W. McLea Walbank has written: 'Notes on the adjustments of the dumpy level' -- subject(s): Instruments, Levels (Surveying instruments), Surveying 'Notes on the adjustments of the dumpy level' -- subject(s): Instruments, Niveaux (Instruments d'arpentage), Levels (Surveying instruments), Arpentage, Surveying
height of reference point to determine level
Reduced Level
Daves mum if fit.. and has a sweet tidy muffin.
Edmond Churchill has written: 'Level and transit' -- subject(s): Handbooks, manuals, Levels (Surveying instruments), Surveying, Transit, Surveyors'
ground surveying
The line of collimation in surveying is an imaginary line that extends from the objective lens of a surveying instrument to the crosshairs in the telescope. It helps ensure the instrument is properly aligned and level for accurate measurements. By keeping the line of collimation straight and horizontal, surveyors can minimize errors in their readings.
Plain Surveying Geodetical Surveying
Most surveying instruments are mounted on a tripod with a flat surface on top. A tilting level tripod has a curved surface on top. The tripod does not need the precise set up procedure because the tilting level can be shifted up or down along the top of the curved tripod head until the levels own level vial is horizontal and then measurements can be made.
The main classes of surveying are geodetic surveying, topographic surveying, cadastral surveying, construction surveying, and hydrographic surveying. Geodetic surveying deals with large areas and high accuracy measurements for mapping the Earth's surface. Topographic surveying focuses on determining the natural and man-made features of a specific area. Cadastral surveying involves demarcating property boundaries. Construction surveying is done to guide the construction of infrastructure and buildings, while hydrographic surveying is used to map underwater features.
The term "dumpy level" is derived from its compact and robust design, which resembles a small, squat instrument. The "dumpy" aspect refers to its low-profile appearance, making it stable and easy to use in various surveying tasks. This level is particularly appreciated for its durability and simplicity, which contribute to its effectiveness in construction and land surveying.
General classifications of surveying include geodetic surveying, plane surveying, topographic surveying, cadastral surveying, construction surveying, and hydrographic surveying. Geodetic surveying deals with large-scale measurements of the earth's surface, while plane surveying focuses on small-scale measurements on a flat surface. Topographic surveying involves mapping of the land's natural features, cadastral surveying deals with land parcel boundaries, construction surveying is used for building projects, and hydrographic surveying is for mapping bodies of water and their features.