•Traditional approach: separate data files are created and stored for each application program
•Results in data redundancy: duplication of data in separate files
•Data redundancy conflicts with data integrity (the degree to which the data in any one file is accurate)
The traditional approach to the study of Political Science focuses on understanding political institutions, processes, and theories through historical and philosophical perspectives. It emphasizes the importance of classical texts and foundational principles. In contrast, the modern approach incorporates interdisciplinary methods, such as comparative politics, international relations, and quantitative analysis, to analyze contemporary political issues and phenomena. It also integrates newer theoretical frameworks and methodologies, such as behavioralism and rational choice theory, to provide a more empirical and scientific understanding of politics.
the traditional approach to comparative politics uses case studies of particular regions worldwide. it creates a unique case for each study and therefore there is no generalization of regions, that being one of the downfalls of this approach. the positive side is that the traditional approach creates a specific group of scholars for each particular country/region. although these scholars may be western leaning and possibly infuse biases into their studies, recently they've been more sensitive to each particular case study.
Macridis criticizes the traditional approach of comparative politics for its focus on state institutions and legal frameworks, arguing that it overlooks the importance of societal influences and dynamics. He also critiques the approach for its tendency to generalize and simplify complex political systems and processes, neglecting the nuances and variations that exist within and between countries. Overall, Macridis emphasizes the need for a more holistic and multidimensional understanding of politics that incorporates both state and societal factors.
The opposite of a populist approach in politics is an elitist approach, where decisions are made by a select group of individuals rather than by the general population.
The third way approach to social policy combines elements of traditional left-wing and right-wing ideologies. It emphasizes individual responsibility, welfare reform, and social justice, while also promoting market mechanisms and economic efficiency. The goal is to create a balance between government intervention and free-market principles to address social issues.
whats is hegemony
traditional approach
traditional approach versus behaviorists
In traditional approach income statement, overheads are charged to product based on predetermined rate rather then based on actual activity.
Database Approach vs. Traditional File ProcessingSelf contained nature of database systems (database contains both data and meta-data).Data Independence: application programs and queries are independent of how data is actually stored.Data sharing.Controlling redundancies and inconsistencies.Secure access to database; Restricting unauthorized access.Enforcing Integrity Constraints.Backup and Recovery from system crashes.Support for multiple-users and concurrent access.
preventive
preventive
old methood of teaching
Traditional approach, Current practice approach, reaction approach, cafeteria approach, human service approach
The traditional or mainstream approach to good childhood nutrition is to follow suggestions based on dietary guidelines that are appropriate for a child's age and development level
1. Traditional or Historical Approach 2. Commodity Approach 3. Institutional Approach 4. Functional Approach 5. Managerial Approach 6. Decision Making Approach
•Database approach: approach whereby a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs; offers significant advantages over traditional file-based approach