Why are they actors in international relations?

Answer 1

Most classical IR theory (i.e., realism, liberalism and world systems theory) considers that the actors (main participants/decision makers) in the international sphere are the states. That means that decisions are considered as being aggregated at state level and that the international system is the creation of the states.

Constructivists and structuralists (as well as a few neorealists and neoliberals) add other actors, such as non-national entities (multi-national corporations, large NGOs), subnational entities (such as structures of government competing for ideological dominance, federal regions, lobby and pressure groups and even individuals in power) and transnational entities (such as international organizations in themselves as opposed to being just expression arenas for states) as well as ideatic structures (such as securitization complexes, social constructs, social norms and laws, ideologies etc.). In these schools, defining what an actor is is left to the author, so it is best to read carefully so that you can understand what the actor considers.

Answer 2

I'm assuming you mean why are there actors. In IR, an actor is just some group, state, or political entity that plays a role in the international system. For example, Al-Qaeda, the PRC, and even NGO's can all be considered actors in international relations. However, it is important to note that not all theories address all actors. For example, realism historically is only concerned with how states interact among themselves and ignores non-state actors.

Answer 3

Actors in international relations play a crucial role in shaping global events and policies. They represent states, international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multinational corporations. Their interactions and decisions influence diplomatic efforts, security strategies, economic policies, and cultural exchanges on the global stage.